Gabaɗaya, ƙirar ƙwayar rana ta ƙunshi yadudduka biyar daga sama zuwa ƙasa, gami da gilashin hotovoltaic, fim ɗin mannewa marufi, guntu tantanin halitta, fim ɗin mannewa marufi, da jirgin baya:
(1) Gilashin hoto
Saboda ƙarancin ƙarfin injina na tantanin halitta na photovoltaic na hasken rana ɗaya, yana da sauƙin karya;Danshi da iskar gas a cikin iska za su sannu a hankali oxidize da tsatsa wutar lantarki, kuma ba za su iya jure yanayin yanayin aiki na waje ba;A lokaci guda, ƙarfin aiki na ƙwayoyin photovoltaic guda ɗaya yawanci ƙananan ne, wanda ke da wuyar saduwa da bukatun kayan aikin lantarki na gaba ɗaya.Sabili da haka, sel na hasken rana yawanci ana rufe su a tsakanin marufi da jirgin baya ta fim ɗin EVA don samar da samfurin hoto wanda ba zai iya rarrabawa tare da marufi da haɗin ciki na ciki wanda zai iya samar da fitarwa na DC da kansa.Yawancin nau'o'in hotovoltaic, masu juyawa da sauran na'urorin lantarki sun zama tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na hoto.
Bayan gilashin gilashin da ke rufe samfurin hoto, zai iya tabbatar da watsa haske mafi girma, ta yadda hasken rana zai iya samar da karin wutar lantarki;A lokaci guda, gilashin photovoltaic mai tauri yana da ƙarfi mafi girma, wanda zai iya sa ƙwayoyin hasken rana suyi tsayayya da matsananciyar iska da kuma babban bambancin zafin rana.Saboda haka, gilashin photovoltaic yana daya daga cikin na'urorin da ba dole ba ne na kayan aikin hoto.
Kwayoyin Photovoltaic an raba su zuwa sel silicon crystalline da sel na fim na bakin ciki.Gilashin photovoltaic da aka yi amfani da shi don ƙwayoyin silicon kristal galibi yana ɗaukar hanyar kalandar, kuma gilashin photovoltaic da ake amfani da su don sel na fim na bakin ciki galibi yana ɗaukar hanyar iyo.
(2) Fim ɗin mannewa (EVA)
Fim ɗin maɗaɗɗen marufi na hasken rana yana tsakiyar tsakiyar tsarin hasken rana, wanda ke nannade takardar tantanin halitta kuma an haɗa shi da gilashin da farantin baya.Babban ayyuka na fim ɗin mannen marufi na hasken rana sun haɗa da: samar da tallafi na tsari don kayan aikin layin salula na hasken rana, samar da matsakaicin haɗin kai tsakanin tantanin halitta da hasken rana, keɓance tantanin halitta ta jiki da layin, da kuma gudanar da zafi da tantanin halitta ya haifar, da dai sauransu Saboda haka, marufi fim kayayyakin bukatar da high ruwa tururi shãmaki, high bayyane haske watsa, high girma resistivity, weather juriya da anti PID yi.
A halin yanzu, fim ɗin mannewa na EVA shine kayan fim ɗin da aka fi amfani da shi don marufi na hasken rana.Tun daga shekarar 2018, kasuwar sa ta kusan kashi 90%.Yana da fiye da shekaru 20 na tarihin aikace-aikacen, tare da daidaitaccen aikin samfurin da babban farashi mai tsada.POE m fim wani yadu amfani photovoltaic marufi manne fim abu.Kamar yadda na 2018, kasuwar kasuwancinsa shine game da 9% 5. Wannan samfurin shine ethylene octene copolymer, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don marufi na gilashin hasken rana da gilashin gilashi biyu, musamman ma a cikin gilashin gilashi biyu.POE m fim yana da kyawawan halaye irin su high ruwa tururi shamaki kudi, high bayyane haske watsa, high girma resistivity, m yanayi juriya da kuma dogon lokaci anti PID yi.Bugu da kari, da musamman high nuni yi na wannan samfurin iya inganta tasiri amfani da hasken rana ga module, taimaka wajen ƙara ikon da module, kuma zai iya warware matsalar farin m film ambaliya bayan module lamination.
(3) Baturi guntu
Silicon solar cell shine na'urar tasha guda biyu.Tashoshin biyu bi da bi suna kan saman mai karɓar haske da kuma saman hasken baya na guntun silicon.
Ka'idar samar da wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic: Lokacin da photon ke haskakawa a kan karfe, ƙarfinsa na iya zama cikakke ta hanyar lantarki a cikin karfe.Ƙarfin da lantarki ke ɗauka yana da girma sosai don shawo kan ƙarfin Coulomb a cikin zarra na ƙarfe da yin aiki, tserewa daga saman ƙarfe kuma ya zama photoelectron.Silicon atom yana da electrons waje guda huɗu.Idan aka yi amfani da siliki mai tsafta tare da atoms tare da electrons na waje guda biyar, kamar su atom na phosphorus, ya zama semiconductor nau'in N;Idan aka yi amfani da siliki mai tsafta tare da atoms tare da electrons na waje guda uku, irin su boron atom, an samar da semiconductor nau'in P.Lokacin da nau'in P da nau'in N suka haɗu, farfajiyar lamba za ta haifar da bambanci mai yuwuwa kuma ya zama kwayar rana.Lokacin da hasken rana ya haskaka a kan mahaɗin PN, halin yanzu yana gudana daga gefen nau'in P zuwa gefen nau'in N, yana samar da halin yanzu.
Dangane da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da aka yi amfani da su, ana iya raba ƙwayoyin hasken rana zuwa nau'i uku: nau'in farko shine sel siliki na hasken rana, gami da silicon monocrystalline da silicon polycrystalline.Binciken su da haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen kasuwa suna da zurfin zurfi, kuma ingancin canjin su na hoto yana da girma, suna mamaye babban rabon kasuwa na guntun baturi na yanzu;Rukuni na biyu shine sel sirara-fim na hasken rana, gami da fina-finai na tushen silicon, mahadi da kayan halitta.Duk da haka, saboda ƙarancin ko guba na albarkatun ƙasa, ƙarancin juzu'i, rashin kwanciyar hankali da sauran gazawa, ba a cika amfani da su a kasuwa ba;Kashi na uku kuma shi ne sabbin kwayoyin halitta masu amfani da hasken rana, wadanda suka hada da laminated solar cell, wadanda a halin yanzu suke cikin bincike da ci gaba kuma fasahar ba ta balaga ba.
Babban albarkatun sel na hasken rana sune polysilicon (wanda zai iya samar da sandunan silicon crystal guda ɗaya, polysilicon ingots, da sauransu).Tsarin samarwa ya haɗa da: tsaftacewa da tumaki, yaduwa, etching gefen, gilashin silicon dephosphorized, PECVD, bugu na allo, sintering, gwaji, da sauransu.
Bambanci da dangantaka tsakanin crystal guda ɗaya da polycrystalline photovoltaic panel an tsawaita a nan
Single crystal da polycrystalline hanyoyi ne na fasaha guda biyu na makamashin hasken rana na crystalline.Idan an kwatanta lu'ulu'u guda ɗaya da cikakken dutse, polycrystalline dutse ne da aka yi da duwatsun da aka rushe.Saboda kaddarorin jiki daban-daban, ingantaccen canjin hoto na kristal ɗaya ya fi na polycrystal, amma farashin polycrystal yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi.
Ingantacciyar canjin photoelectric na sel silicon monocrystalline shine kusan 18%, kuma mafi girma shine 24%.Wannan shine mafi girman ingancin juyawa na photoelectric na kowane nau'in ƙwayoyin rana, amma farashin samarwa yana da yawa.Saboda silicon monocrystalline gabaɗaya an haɗa shi da gilashin zafi da guduro mai hana ruwa, yana da ɗorewa kuma yana da rayuwar sabis na shekaru 25.
Tsarin samar da sel na hasken rana na polycrystalline silicon yana kama da na monocrystalline silicon solar cell, amma ingancin canjin hoto na polycrystalline silicon solar cell yana buƙatar ragewa da yawa, kuma ingancin canjin photoelectric shine kusan 16%.Dangane da farashin samarwa, ya fi arha fiye da sel silica monocrystalline.Kayan yana da sauƙi don ƙirƙira, adana amfani da wutar lantarki, kuma jimlar farashin samarwa yana da ƙasa.
Dangantaka tsakanin crystal guda da polycrystal: polycrystal crystal ne guda ɗaya tare da lahani.
Tare da haɓaka tallace-tallace na kan layi ba tare da tallafi ba da kuma ƙara ƙarancin albarkatun ƙasa da za a iya girka, buƙatun samfuran inganci a kasuwannin duniya yana ƙaruwa.Hankalin masu saka hannun jari ya kuma tashi daga gaggawar da aka yi a baya zuwa inda aka samo asali, wato aikin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma dogaron dogon lokaci kan aikin shi kansa, wanda shi ne mabudin samun kudaden shiga tashoshin wutar lantarki a nan gaba.A wannan mataki, fasaha na polycrystalline har yanzu yana da fa'ida a cikin farashi, amma ingancinsa yana da ƙananan ƙananan.
Akwai dalilai da yawa don haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar fasahar polycrystalline: a gefe guda, ƙimar bincike da haɓakar ci gaba ya kasance mai girma, wanda ke haifar da ƙimar masana'anta na sabbin matakai.A gefe guda kuma, farashin kayan aiki yana da tsada sosai.Duk da haka, kodayake ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki da aikin ingantattun lu'ulu'u guda ɗaya sun wuce iyawar polycrystals da lu'ulu'u na yau da kullun, wasu abokan ciniki masu mahimmancin farashi har yanzu ba za su iya "kasa yin gasa ba" lokacin zabar.
A halin yanzu, ingantaccen fasahar crystal guda ɗaya ta sami daidaito mai kyau tsakanin aiki da farashi.Girman tallace-tallace na kristal guda ɗaya ya mamaye babban matsayi a kasuwa.
(4) Jirgin baya
Jirgin baya na hasken rana shine kayan marufi na hotovoltaic da ke bayan tsarin hasken rana.An fi amfani dashi don kare tsarin hasken rana a cikin yanayin waje, tsayayya da lalata abubuwan muhalli kamar haske, zafi da zafi a kan fim din marufi, kwakwalwan salula da sauran kayan aiki, da kuma taka rawar kare kariya ta yanayi.Tun da backplane yana samuwa a saman Layer na baya na PV module kuma kai tsaye yana hulɗa tare da yanayin waje, dole ne ya sami kyakkyawan juriya mai girma da ƙananan zafin jiki, juriya na ultraviolet, juriya na tsufa na muhalli, shingen tururi na ruwa, rufin lantarki da sauran su. kaddarorin don saduwa da rayuwar sabis na shekaru 25 na tsarin hasken rana.Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka buƙatun ingancin samar da wutar lantarki na masana'antar photovoltaic, wasu manyan kayan aikin hasken rana na baya-bayan nan kuma suna da hasken haske mai haske don haɓaka ingantaccen juzu'i na ƙirar hasken rana.
Dangane da rarrabuwa na kayan, an raba jirgin baya zuwa cikin polymers na halitta da abubuwan da ba su da tushe.Jirgin baya na hasken rana yawanci yana nufin polymers na halitta, kuma abubuwan da ba a haɗa su ba galibi gilashi ne.Dangane da tsarin samarwa, akwai nau'in nau'in haɗaka, nau'in sutura da nau'in coextrusion.A halin yanzu, haɗe-haɗen jirgin saman baya yana lissafin sama da kashi 78% na kasuwar bayan fage.Sakamakon karuwar aikace-aikacen abubuwan haɗin gilashin biyu, rabon kasuwa na gilashin baya ya wuce 12%, kuma na mai rufin baya da sauran jiragen baya na tsarin yana kusan 10%.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na jirgin bayan hasken rana sun haɗa da fim ɗin tushe na PET, kayan fluorine da m.Fim ɗin tushe na PET galibi yana samar da rufi da kaddarorin inji, amma juriyar yanayin sa ba shi da kyau;Abubuwan fluorine galibi sun kasu kashi biyu: fim ɗin fluorine da fluorine wanda ke ɗauke da guduro, waɗanda ke ba da kariya, juriya na yanayi da kayan katanga;M ɗin ya ƙunshi guduro roba, wakili mai warkarwa, abubuwan da ke aiki da ƙari da sauran sinadarai.Ana amfani da shi don haɗa fim ɗin tushe na PET da fim ɗin fluorine a cikin jirgin baya mai hade.A halin yanzu, jiragen baya na manyan ingantattun kayan aikin hasken rana suna amfani da kayan fluoride don kare fim ɗin tushe na PET.Bambanci kawai shine nau'i da nau'i na kayan fluoride da aka yi amfani da su sun bambanta.An haɗa kayan fluorine a kan fim ɗin tushe na PET ta hanyar mannewa a cikin nau'in fim din fluorine, wanda shine haɗin baya na baya;An lulluɓe shi kai tsaye akan fim ɗin tushe na PET a cikin nau'in fluorine mai ɗauke da guduro ta hanyar tsari na musamman, wanda ake kira mai rufin baya.
Gabaɗaya magana, haɗaɗɗun jirgin saman baya yana da cikakkiyar aiki saboda amincin fim ɗin sa na fluorine;Jirgin baya mai rufi yana da fa'idar farashi saboda ƙarancin kayan sa.
Babban nau'ikan jirgin sama mai haɗaka
Za'a iya raba jirgin baya mai hade da hasken rana zuwa filin baya na fluorine mai fuska biyu, filin baya na fluorine mai gefe guda, da jirgin baya maras fluorine bisa ga abun cikin fluorine.Saboda juriyar yanayin su da sauran halaye, sun dace da yanayi daban-daban.Gabaɗaya magana, juriya ga yanayin yanayi yana biye da fim ɗin baya mai fuska biyu na fluorine, jirgin baya na fluorine mai gefe guda, da jirgin baya mara ƙarfi, kuma farashinsu gabaɗaya yana raguwa bi da bi.
Lura: (1) PVF (monofluorinated resin) an fitar da fim ɗin daga PVF copolymer.Wannan tsari na samuwar yana tabbatar da cewa PVF kayan ado Layer ne m kuma ba tare da lahani irin su pinholes da fasa da sau da yawa faruwa a lokacin PVDF (difluorinated guduro) shafi spraying ko abin nadi shafi.Saboda haka, rufi na PVF fim ɗin ado Layer ya fi PVDF shafi.Za a iya amfani da kayan rufe fim na PVF a wurare tare da yanayin lalata;
(2) A cikin aiwatar da masana'antar fina-finai na PVF, tsarin extruding na lattice na ƙwayoyin cuta tare da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya da madaidaiciyar kwatance yana ƙarfafa ƙarfin jiki sosai, don haka fim ɗin PVF yana da ƙarfi sosai;
(3) Fim ɗin PVF yana da ƙarfin juriya da juriya da tsawon sabis;
(4) Fim ɗin PVF da aka fitar da shi yana da santsi kuma mai laushi, ba tare da ratsi ba, kwasfa na orange, micro wrinkle da sauran lahani da aka samar a saman yayin abin nadi ko fesa.
Abubuwan da suka dace
Saboda yanayin da ya fi dacewa da shi, fim din fluorine mai hade da jirgin baya mai gefe biyu yana iya jure wa yanayi mai tsanani kamar sanyi, zazzabi mai zafi, iska da yashi, ruwan sama da sauransu, kuma yawanci ana amfani da su a filayen tudu, sahara, Gobi da sauran yankuna;Fim ɗin fluorine mai gefe guda mai haɗaɗɗun jirgin baya shine rage farashin samfur na fim ɗin fluorine mai fuska biyu.Idan aka kwatanta da jirgin sama mai haɗe-haɗe na fim ɗin fluorine mai fuska biyu, rufin sa na ciki yana da ƙarancin juriya na ultraviolet da zafi mai zafi, wanda ya fi dacewa ga rufin da wuraren da ke da matsakaicin ultraviolet radiation.
6. PV inverter
A cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana, ikon da aka samar ta hanyar tsararrakin hoto shine ikon DC, amma yawancin lodi suna buƙatar ikon AC.Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na DC yana da manyan iyakoki, wanda bai dace da canjin wutar lantarki ba, kuma iyakar aikace-aikacen kaya shima yana iyakance.Sai dai kayan wuta na musamman, ana buƙatar inverter don canza wutar DC zuwa wutar AC.Inverter photovoltaic shine zuciyar tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na hasken rana.Yana jujjuya wutar lantarki ta DC da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic ke samarwa zuwa ikon AC da ake buƙata ta rayuwa ta hanyar fasahar canza wutar lantarki, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin tashar wutar lantarki ta photovoltaic.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-26-2022